Receiver for wireless signaling.



'H. G. GAYLEY.

RECEIVER FOR WIRELESS SIGNALING.

APPLICATION FILED APR-21.1998.

925 ,291 Patented June 15, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES f2 Z j'fu 6". Z flaw/9Z0 Wa I W H. 0. GAYLEY.

RECEIVER FOR WIRELESS SIGNALING. APPLIOATIOHI'ILED APR. 21.1908.

925,291. Patented June 15,1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES INVENTOH MIILGKHM W A TTOHNE YS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HUGH CHARLES OAYLEY, on RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA.

-RECEIVER FOR WIRELESS SIGNALING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

I Patented. June 15, 1909.

Application filed April-21, 190a SerialNo. 428,399.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HUGE CHARLES-CAY- LEY, a citizen of Great Britain,and a resident of Riverside, in the county of Riverside and State ofCalifornia, have invented a new and Improved Receiver for \VirelessSignaling, of which the following is'a full, clear, and exactdescription.

My invention re1ates:;to wireless signaling, my morepartioular purposesbeing as follows: 1, to provide an improved wave detector; 2, to provideforniaking this detector not only self-restoring but also self-- derinthe-indications oud and clear.

Re erenceis to be had to the acconipanying-drawings forminga part ofthis specification, in which similar characters of reference indicatecorresponding partsin all the figures.

Figure proved detector its general form being somewhat analogous to thatof a Morse relay, the

'control of the detector by the waves being partly due to the agency ofa steel ball in contact with a sharp point of graphite; Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section through the detector, taken upon the line 2-2 of Fig.1 looking in the direction of the arrow: Fig. 3 is a diagram of thewiring of the receiving station, including the wave detector and itsaccompanying parts. D

1 Mountedupon a base 4 is a bracket 5 of metal, this bracket beingprovided with a substantially u-shaped' portion 6 through which extendscrews 7 ,8, and fitted upon these screws are locking nuts 9, 10, Anelectro magnet is shown a 11 and encircling this magnet is a metallichook 12, the latter being secured upon the base for the purpose ofsupporting the magnet. An ad ustmg screw 13 extends through the bracket5' and i is swiveled to the magnet 11. This djustarmature,

ing screw is encircled by alocking ut 14 which may be jammed against thebracket 5.

, Bearin'gs'15- support an armature lever 16 provided with a portion 17serving as an the armature lever 16 carrylng a 1 is aside elevation ofmy imsteel ball 18. A bracket 19 is mounted upon the base. 4 andsupports an adjusting screw 20, and encircling this adjusting screw is.a'

locking .nut 21 adapted to jam against the bracket 19. The ihner endofthe screw 20 terminates in a sleeve 22, and mounted within this sleeveis a point 23 of graphite, this pointbeing sharp and adapted to beengaged by the. ball 18 When the armature swings outwardly or to theright according to Fig. 1. v I

A spring 24 is connected with the armature 17 and also with a thread 25,the latter being wound partially upon a revolubl e stem 26 supportedupon a boss 27and provided with a milled head 28. By turning the milledhead the tension of the spring 24 may be regulated at will. Bindingposts 29, 30, 31 are mounted upon the base 4. The binding post 29 isconnected with the magnet 11 by a wire 32. From the binding post 30 awire 33 leads to the bracket 19. The armature lever 16 is connectedby awire 34 with the binding post 31. A wire 35' connects the magnet 11 withone of the bearings 15.

In order to connect up the wave detector I run a wire 36 from thebinding post 29 to a hand switch 37 and connect the latter by a wire 38with a battery 39. From this battery I run a wire 40 to a rheostat 41and to the latter I connect a wire 42. A wire 43 is connected with thewiring42 and with. the binding post 30. A wire 44 is connected with thewire 43 and with an aerial 45. A

wire 46 is connected with this aerial and with the wire 44. j The wire46 leads to a condenser 47 which is connected witha telephonic'receiver49 by aidof a wire 48 A ground wire is shown at 50 and is' connectedwith the receiver 49 by a wire 51,-and with the binding'post 31 by -awire 52,

The rheostat 41 may contain considerable inductance. This is for'thepurpose of pre-- venting oscillations set up in the aerial fromfollowing the battery wires 38, 40 and 36.

' The operation of my device is as follows: The adjusting screws 8 and20 are so manipulated that the steel ball 18 normally rests lightly incontact with the sharp point 23 of graphite. Electromagnetic waves nowstrike the aerial 45 and set up oscillations inthe followin circuit 2'aerial wire 45, wires 44,-

43, binding post 80, wire 33, bracket 19,-

screw 20, point 23, steel ball 18,'arfnature" lever 16, wire 34, bindingpost 31, wire 52,

wire 50, to ground. The oscillations thus I 39, wire 40, rheostat 41',wires 42, 43, binding pass through the imperfect contact made by 'steelball18 and the graphite point 23. The

resistance of the imperfect contact is thus lowered by the oscillationsand the local battery circuit is completed as follows: battery post 30,wire 33, bracket 19, screw 20, graphite point 23, steel ball 18,armature lever 16, wire 35, ma et 11, wire 32, binding post 29, wire 36,switch 37, and wire 38 back to bat:

. tery 39. This energizes the magnet 11 and causes the armature lever tomove .toward the ma the steel ball 18 away from the graphite 1 batterycircuit. tery circuit deenergizes themagn'et 11 and allows the armaturelever to resume itsnorpoint 23, thereby breaking both the circuitafi'ected directly by wave action and the local.

The breaking of the batmal position which it readily does under theaction of the s ring 24. This, of course, closes both the ocalcircuit-and theoscillation circuit, and consequently the armature leverunder control of the magnet repeats its movement so long as he wavescontinue to energize the aerial.

The parts are so adjusted and propor tioned, and the tension of thespring 24 is so regulated, that the battery current passing through themagnet 11 is never sufiicient to.

move the armature lever 16 except when the oscillations, due to waveaction, are assing through the point 23 and the steel all 1 8.

'This adjustment is not at all difficult to at tain, for the reason thatthe resistance made,

by the im erfect contact is so hi h that the amount 0 battery currentnorma ly passing through the same is negligible.

It will be noted that both of the circuits above traced are so arrangedthat the battery current does not pass'directly through the receiver 49.The condenser 47 conserves the battery current and enables it to affect.

is thus energized by pulsations of a frequency;

corresponding. with movements of the armatu're lever 16, thesepulsations being preferably of the order of, some hundreds per sec-..

- 0nd and varying with the adjustment of the spring 24. The strerih ofthe battery and t e condition of the r eostat 41 are 'afit'ected moreremotely the other adjustments above described.

zVhen, therefore, the aerial et. This movement, however, draws a allcontributing to the point .JB. The adjustin contr'ollin' the tension of45 is energized by waves, the'receiver 49 emits a tone which, 'foranygiven adjustment of the parts, is always of the same pitch but which isbroken into dotsfand dashes, the direction of which is controllable fromthe transmitting station, each dot and each dash being made .up of aconsiderable number of separate impulses from the battery and hav-' ingthe same frequency as the strokes of th armature lever, as abovedescribed.

The invention above described makes use" of the fact thatwhenelectroma'gnetic waves are caused to affect an imperfect contactconsisting' of two members, and at the same time one of these members ismoved rapidly to and fro relativelylto the otl1er me1nber, so

-as to successivelyrclose and break the connection between them so thatthe imperfect contact is completely decohered by each" complete movementtaking place between its members, the imperfect contact is rention. Theinstant the waves stop, the coherence of the imperfect contact stopsalso, and i this practically leaves the local circuit open so that theelectromagnet 11 is no longer energized, or at least it is not energizedto such anextentas to draw its armature and .dered exceedingly sensitiveto wave connec-';

move the armature lever 16. I have also found that with a wave detectorconstructed as above described and connected 1n a circuit 'contalnin acondenser and receiver as indicated inFig. 3, the ultimate efl'ect ofthe wave energy upon the receiver is greatly increased, by vi'rtue ofthe extra current set u j in the wiring of the magnet, and the..sens1-tiveness of the receiver consequentlyiime proved by virtue of the factthat the pulsations of the battery current being conserved by thecondenser, and increased by the self induction, greatly increase theelectricenergy passingthrough the receiver.

One great trouble with wave detectors heretofore employed is the lackof. means for proper adjustment. The instrument abot e described hasquite a number of adjustments usedfor slightly different purposes andyet to a common end. Forinstance, the ad usting screw 13 is used forvaryingthe position of the magnet 11 relatively to the armature 17, andin doing this has an ,eflect upon the imperfect'contact. The adjustingscrew 20 affects this contact directly by handling the point 23relatively screw- 26, by

the spring 24,

regulates the degree of pressure normally S exerted by the ball 18 aainst the po1nt23. The screw 8 also affects t e pressure, for thereason" that the armature lever in its stroke to thejright, accordin toFlgsl, not only moves the ball 18 against the point 23, but

.also lodges the upper end of the lever against the adjusting screw 8.The adjusting screw Y'governs the plav of the armature lever, andconsequently has an effect upon the frequency of the battery pulsations,and consequently upon thetone emitted by the receiver-49.

Having thus described myinvention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent:

1. In a wave detector, the combination of an imperfect contactcomprising two members, one of which is movable relatively to the other,an armature lever connected with said movable member, a magnet forcontrolling said armature lever, a battery circuit connected with saidimperfect contact and with said magnet, and a shunt circuit connectedwith said battery circuit and including a condenser and a telephonicreceiver.

2. The combination of an aerial Wire, a ground wire, an imperfectcontact interposed intermediate said aerial wire and said ground Wire, acondenser, and a telephonic receiver connected in series with each otherand in parallel with said imperfect contact, a battery circuit connectedupon opposite sides of said imperfect contact so as to cause the currentto flow through said imperfect contact, an electromagnet connected withsaid battery circuit so as to set iip .by inductance extra currentstherein, and mechanism actuated by said magnet for decohering saidimperfect contact.

3. The combination of an imperfect conthe latter, a direct currentcircuit connected with said magnet and with said imperfect contact, saidcircuit being controllable by said imperfect contact, an indicatingdevice and a condenser connected in series with each other and inparallel with said circuit,

and means for subjecting said imperfect contact to the action ofelectromagnetic waves.

In testimonywhereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses.

HUGH CHARLES CAYLEY.

Witnesses HERMAN GEORGE VVILsoN, ADELIA I. FORD.

